Asian Development Bank
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For ADB members in Asia and the Pacific, stronger tax systems are now more important than ever-to boost revenues enabling recovery from the economic shocks of COVID-19, and to reinforce implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. Using comparative data up to the fiscal year 2020 and drawing from the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2021), this sixth edition in our series analyzes the administrative setups and performance...
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) development policies in Asia and the Pacific. The ASM 2021 Volume IV reports on a technical exercise for developing an empirically rigorous index that measures various dimensions affecting MSME development in developing Asia.
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This atlas provides spatial information about Maldives and thematic maps necessary for assessing future development investments in terms of climate risks and geophysical hazards. It is also intended to support the formulation of cobeneficial options for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management. The five-volume atlas is a major output of the project "Establishing a National Geospatial Database for Mainstreaming Climate Change...
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This edition finds improvements in emerging East Asian bond markets despite the resurgence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in early 2021. Yet, uncertainties continue to influence economic outlook in Asia and the Pacific. Overall investment sentiment in the region remained subdued amid looming uncertainties in the fight against COVID-19 and inflationary pressure in the United States (US). Yet, there is increasing awareness within the region...
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This publication explores Georgia's growing technology startup scene, assesses the challenges and opportunities for new ventures, and outlines ways to boost the ecosystem and help spur social and economic growth. Drawing on interviews with founders, it analyzes the prospects for tech startups in agriculture, the green economy, health, and education. It examines the government's active role and looks at funding options including venture capital. Explaining...
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This publication presents findings from a climate change risk and adaptation assessment in southern Viet Nam as part of the Water Efficiency Improvement in Drought-Affected Provinces (WEIDAP) project supported by the Asian Development Bank. It highlights new developments and key lessons on climate risk assessment that may be applied to the project design and monitoring as well as the implementation of climate adaptation measures. The WEIDAP project...
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This publication provides an overview of institutional investors' interest in green bonds issued in Thailand, along with an assessment of the perspectives of local arrangers and underwriters on their clients' interest in green bond issuance. It presents the results of a survey to help identify market drivers, impediments, and development priorities for Thailand's sustainable finance market. The findings and insights in this publication can help the...
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This publication presents findings of a study on the availability and provision of long-term care (LTC) in Mongolia including the need for and supply of LTC, regulatory and policy frameworks, service provision, quality management, human resources, and financing. Analysis, conclusions, and recommendations for the development of LTC systems in Mongolia are also included. It contributes to the development of an in-depth knowledge base on LTC policies,...
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This handbook provides nonbanking financial institutions guidance on how to manage risks associated with money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It reflects the requirements of the international standard setter in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing---the Financial Action Task Force---and is intended to serve as the basis for developing internal controls and procedures by nonbanking financial institutions to combat...
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This report provides key information about the 2020 financial operations of trust funds, global funds and special funds administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It includes an assessment of how these trust funds helped ADB's developing member countries respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The contribution made by the funds to the operational priorities of ADB's Strategy 2030 is also discussed.
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This final volume of the Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor 2020 sets out ADB's work so far on a new composite index called the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Index (SME-DI) to help guide support for the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The SME-DI aims to measure MSME development and access to finance using multivariate analysis of national MSME data. The volume includes the results of testing...
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This report analyzes how to untangle and simplify the complex product-specific rules of origin (PSRO) in free trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific and explores how technology can cut red tape and reduce inefficiencies impacting trade. It compares the leniency and stringency of PSROs under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in terms of manufacturing requirements with those contained in ASEAN+1 free trade agreements. Assessing...
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Cities in Asia and the Pacific are expanding rapidly. With this growth, persons with disabilities, older persons, women, and children face significant challenges in accessing urban services and fully participating in city life. To address such barriers, inclusive environments are needed wherein infrastructure and services are built considering the different needs of everyone. The inclusive cities guidelines provide universal design solutions, accessibility...
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Supply chain disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have underscored the need for digital and paperless trade procedures to facilitate trade. This report reviews the impact of trade facilitation initiatives on trade costs in Asia and the Pacific since the pandemic began. A special chapter examines the pandemic's impact on the supply chains of critical goods such as vaccines, personal protective equipment, and food, and provides...
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The COVID-19 pandemic hit India in three waves between 2020 and 2022 with severe socioeconomic impact, particularly on poor and vulnerable people. The Government of India's response over different phases of the pandemic was comprehensive and graded. As its long-standing partner, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) proactively supported the government's strategic, multisectoral, and well planned intervention. ADB effectively realigned its operational...
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This report offers an analytical framework that allows for more systemic assessments of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and its applications. It examines the evolution and typology of the emergent technology, its existing and projected applications, and regulatory and policy issues that they entail. This report highlights the trends, concerns, and potential opportunities of DLTs, especially for Asian markets. It also identifies the benefits and...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is significantly impacting the development and life cycle of public—private partnership (PPP) projects in Asia and the Pacific. This has led to disruptions in trade, production, and supply chains as well as sharp declines in consumption and investment. This guidance note examines the impacts of COVID-19 on PPP projects in region including the implications for contractual arrangements. It presents governance practices...
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Digital trade promotion has been a long-standing priority for CAREC member countries, as part of their integration into global value chains and economic diversification. This study examines the legal environment on electronic transactions as well as the opportunities and challenges in expanding electronic commerce in the CAREC region. It makes a case for modernization and harmonization of laws of CAREC countries leveraging on international instruments...
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This publication provides an overview of key development successes and constraints in Indonesia's energy sector. It reviews the support extended by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners together with an update on the government's energy plans and strategies. In line with ADB's 2020—2024 country partnership strategy for Indonesia, an outline of strategic initiatives and background information for energy investments and technical...
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Since 2017, the Asia—Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index (ARCII) has been used for monitoring progress in various dimensions of regional cooperation and integration (RCI). This report discusses how the enhanced ARCII framework incorporates two new dimensions (digital connectivity and environmental cooperation) and other methodological innovations to capture the increasingly complex nature of RCI. With these new features, the report...