Asian Development Bank
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For ADB members in Asia and the Pacific, stronger tax systems are now more important than ever-to boost revenues enabling recovery from the economic shocks of COVID-19, and to reinforce implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. Using comparative data up to the fiscal year 2020 and drawing from the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2021), this sixth edition in our series analyzes the administrative setups and performance...
2) Carbon Offsetting in International Aviation in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities
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The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) has an important role to play in the aviation industry's efforts to meet its emission reduction targets. The scheme could also benefit developing countries in Asia and the Pacific as a source of these carbon offsets. This report provides climate policy makers and carbon offset suppliers in the region with detailed information about the CORSIA scheme, including the aviation...
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Article 6 of the Paris Agreement enables countries to utilize market and nonmarket approaches to achieve their nationally determined contributions. Yet, international negotiations on Article 6 are complex and ongoing. The Parties of the Paris Agreement have made progress on many issues, but contentious matters on political and technical aspects remain unresolved. This publication presents the latest developments in negotiations, discusses the key...
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This book documents ADB's knowledge management journey since 1966 and looks at how the bank has emerged as an increasingly valuable knowledge advisor to its developing member countries. It tracks the evolution of ADB as a platform for sharing ideas, knowledge, and experience on key development challenges in Asia and the Pacific and beyond. To showcase some of ADB's knowledge management successes, the book presents 42 knowledge solutions across 10...
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This report explains how rising climate and disaster risk is set to increase the vulnerability of Asia and the Pacific region's urban poor and identifies how to engender systemic change to strengthen their resilience. It stresses the need for targeted actions to tackle the underlying drivers of vulnerability and to make the urban poor central to decision-making. It shows why households, neighborhoods, and cities are key entry points for the investment...
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This is a guide for establishing and developing urban primary health centers (UPHCs) according to India's National Health Mission framework, and using public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements with nongovernment organizations. It can be used by all states, regardless of where they are in the development and realization of their strategy, policies, and processes with respect to PPPs in UPHCs. For states that already have such a program, this may...
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The rapid growth of fintech services in Asia and the Pacific can help countries leapfrog the challenges of traditional financial services infrastructure and dramatically increase access to financial services. An inclusive fintech ecosystem is essential to support economic growth, greater equality, and lower poverty levels. This publication details how to better understand and provide an enabling policy and regulatory environment to promote responsible...
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The development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) remains key to promoting inclusive growth in developing economies in Asia and the Pacific. The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) provides data and analysis as a resource for evidence-based policy design on MSME development. The ASM 2020 focuses on Southeast Asia and this first volume reviews the financial and non-financial conditions of MSMEs at country and regional...
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Cumulative transport investments under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program reached $23. 4 billion in 2017 through which approximately 9,964 kilometers of expressways or national highways were built or improved. For the upkeep of road corridors, CAREC countries agreed to take measures to set up road funds and road tolling to ensure adequate maintenance funding. This guide presents fundamental concepts of road tolling; addresses...
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ADB's Strategy 2030's first operational priority focuses on addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities through a three-pronged strategy: investing in human capital and social protection, facilitating access to good-quality jobs, and reducing inequality of opportunity through such means as removing barriers to access to services and infrastructure, especially for the poor and vulnerable. The Strategy commits ADB to increasing its emphasis...
12) Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Drawing Lessons from the Joint Crediting Mechanism (Version II)
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Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost-effectively, while mobilizing fiscal resources to foster green recovery and growth. This publication introduces carbon pricing instruments and provides insights on how they can be designed to stimulate and not constrain economic activity in the context of recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)...
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After a disappointing 2019, growth prospects in developing Asia have worsened under the impact of the current health crisis. Signs of incipient recovery near the turn of this year were quickly overthrown as COVID-19 broke out in January 2020 in the region's largest economy and subsequently expanded into a global pandemic. Disruption to regional and global supply chains, trade, and tourism, and the continued spread of the outbreak, leave the region...
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Technology-based startup enterprises are an increasingly important part of the business landscape in Asia and the Pacific. By applying innovative technologies to create new products and services, they can make a significant contribution to economic development while generating social and environmental benefits. However, to survive and then thrive, tech startups require an enabling ecosystem that includes supportive government policy, adequate access...
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This guidebook analyzes India's plans to use rooftop solar power to boost its renewable energy, explains the benefits it offers, and details why new business models and market mechanisms would drive greater adoption. It examines India's renewable energy targets and explains why rooftop solar generation has been slow to increase despite an enabling policy environment and attractive economics. It identifies the roles and responsibilities of various...
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Supply chain disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have underscored the need for digital and paperless trade procedures to facilitate trade. This report reviews the impact of trade facilitation initiatives on trade costs in Asia and the Pacific since the pandemic began. A special chapter examines the pandemic's impact on the supply chains of critical goods such as vaccines, personal protective equipment, and food, and provides...
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Technology-based startup enterprises are an increasingly important part of the business landscape in Asia and the Pacific. By applying innovative technologies to create new products and services, they can make a significant contribution to economic development while generating social and environmental benefits. However, to survive and then thrive, tech startups require an enabling ecosystem that includes supportive government policy, and adequate...
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This report offers an analytical framework that allows for more systemic assessments of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and its applications. It examines the evolution and typology of the emergent technology, its existing and projected applications, and regulatory and policy issues that they entail. This report highlights the trends, concerns, and potential opportunities of DLTs, especially for Asian markets. It also identifies the benefits and...
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The Policy Actions for COVID-19 Economic Recovery (PACER) Dialogues was launched in June 2020 as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated around the world. The PACER Dialogues share cutting-edge knowledge and best practices to help countries in Southeast Asia and the People's Republic of China strengthen cooperation to mitigate the devastating effects of COVID-19 and accelerate their economic recovery. This second compendium of nine...
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This report highlights the results of Asian Development Bank (ADB) operations to support regional cooperation and integration (RCI) completed during 2017–2020. It outlines how ADB managed its support for RCI and used its resources, and how the bank continued leading development partners in assisting major RCI subregional programs. It notes that, in the medium term, sustaining ADB's RCI leadership and promoting wider, deeper, and more open RCI to...